Quinoa is a Peruvian high protein cereal with 25 varieties. 
Olluco is a Peruvian tuber with over 30 varieties.
The potato is originally from Peru and they produce over 3000 varieties.
The Tomato is originally from Peru, and it is a close relative of the Potato.
The corn  from Peru  is a variety with the biggest kernels in the world amongst 32 others produced. Corn is originally from the Americas, including Peru.
The Avocado is originally from Peru and they produce the softest variety.
Peruvian food has 468 different registered typical dishes.
The finest cottons in the world, Pima and Tanguis are Peruvian.
The weeping willow is originally  from Peru and it produces the base for aspirin.
Tara is a Peruvian tree from which tannin is produced for the production of dyes.
Yacon, a tuber similar to the yucca (cassava, manioc), is originally from Peru and is the base for insulin.
Maca, a Peruvian root, known as Huanarpo Macha is what VIAGRA is made from; it  has been in use in Peru for hundreds of years.
The Plaza de Acho is the second oldest bull ring made in the world. It was built in the days of viceroy Amat in 1766.
The National University of San Marcos is the oldest in the Americas and was founded on the 12th of May of 1551.
The oldest newspaper in South America is El Peruano, founded by Simon Bolivar in Lima in 1825
One of the highest train pass in the world is in Ticlio at 4815 meters above sea level (15793 feet). This passenger train is now again departing from Lima once a week.
The deepests canyons in the world are Cotahuasi with 3600 meters ( 11,810 ft ) and Colca with 3400 meters ( 11,150 ft ). Both are in Arequipa, the second most important city in Peru. The Colorado Grand Canyon is only 1600 meters in depth (1 mile).
The highest dune in the world is Cerro Blanco, 1176 m (3858 ft) from the base, near Nazca, in the coastal Peru. Height from sea level is 2080 m (6791 ft)
The Andes mountains in Peru have :

  •  50 peaks over 6000 meters ( 19,685 ft ).

  • 1769 Glaciers

  • 12000 lakes and lagoons of different lenghts and depths

In Peru, you can find 1701 species of birds, making it the most in any country in the world.
Mejia lakes in Arequipa are the habitat of thousands of migratory birds. More than 150 varieties come each year, 50% of which are permanent residents and the rest come from all parts of the world.
Peru is second in the world with 34 species of primates., third with 361 species of mammals, fifth with 297 species of reptiles and 251 amphibious.
Peru has 84 of the 103 ecological zones in the world.
The Peruvian flower is the Cantuta, and the bird is the Gallito de las Rocas (the rooster of the rocks).
Entomologists in Madre de Dios found a Shihuahuaco (asterix) tree with 5000 insect species of which 80% were seen for the first time.
The first catalogue of Peruvian flora, categorizes 3000 varieties of which :

  • 524 are edible

  • 401 are wood

  • 334 are toxic for the use of insecticides

  • 213 are medicinal

  • 110 are used for colorants

  • 100 are used for the manufacturing of tools

  • 90 are ornamental

  • 36 are used for the production of oils and waxes

  • 35 are used for the manufacturing of drinks.

In Peru you can find close to 1625 types of orchids (425 in the Machu Picchu area).
Sunflowers are native to Peru and were domesticated around 1000 B.C. Francisco Pizarro found the Inca subjects venerating the sunflower as an image of their sun god. Gold images of the flower, as well as seeds, were taken back to Europe early in the 16th century.
Four out of ten cereals are original from Peru (quinua, corn, cañihua and kiwicha). The kiwicha is the cereal that the NASA astronauts take on their trips.
Peru is the biggest producer in Latin America of gold, zinc and lead. It is the second world producer of copper. Antamina is the biggest cooper-zinc mine in the world and Camisea is the second biggest gas reserve.
You can find 28 different climates in Peru, making it to be one of the 5 biggest biodiversities in the world.
In the Peruvian ocean you can find over 700 fish species and 400 crustaceans. 20 out of 67 species of whales in the world as well.
The Amazon river, which starts in Peru, is the largest river in the world by volume (with a total river flow greater than the next eight largest rivers combined) and one of the two cleanest (Congo river being the other). It flows 150,000 cubic meters per second.
The Lord of Sipan tomb, in Chiclayo, is the oldest in the Americas and the most magnificent. It can only be compared with the tomb of Tutankamon in Egypt.
Caral, just 114 miles north of Lima, is the oldest discovered city in the Americas (3000 years BC).
On the last coffee exposition in Paris, Peruvian coffee was voted the best by both American end European tasters, out of 33 presented.
Pisco is Peruvian and the Pisco Sour is the most popular cocktail.
Source - Tripadvisor